Barakur is one the well known ancient States of Tulunad/Karavali. Under the reign of Vijayanagar kings the Karavali was divided into Mangalur and Barakur administrative units or States. Barakur is located near the confluence of Seetha and Swarna Rivers in Udupi district.
Baraha Kanyapura
What is the original meaning of the word and the place Barakur?
The Puranic style vogue in the region, explains the name as an abbreviation of the epithet ‘Baraha Kanyapura’ that translates glamorously into ‘the town of twelve virgins’. Naturally, there may be a matching anecdote in the Puranas to explain the exotic saga of the twelve virgins.
However, besides the Puranic lores, there is a more mundane explanation for the origin of this place name. It is simply Baraka + Ooru or the village of Baraka.
Baraka
The word ‘Baraka’ initially appears as an unusual or less used Tulu word. However, it is definitely an ancient word. The African word ‘Baraka’ means ‘blessing’. The word exists in Egyptian, Swahili, Hebrew and Arabic languages. Several African places in Oman, Libya, Sudan, Sierra Leone and Eritrea are called Baraka. Even a river between Eritrea and Ethiopia is named Baraka. The word ‘baraka’ has been used in the Bible in the sense of ‘lightning.’ In French language ‘baraka’ represents lucky.
In northern India, in Sanskrit/Hindi the ‘barka’ means ‘rains’, possibly related to the Prakrit/Tulu word ‘barsa’(=rains). A river in Manipur, northeastern India, is known as the Baraka River.
Baraka, the estuary
There is also a lesser known word ‘baraka’ in northwestern India, possibly of Prakrit origin that means the gulf or marine creek of a river or simply the estuary. Tulu immigrants, may have borrowed this word, while migrating southward through the northern India. This particular meaning has geographic/geomorphic connotations that Tulu ancestors were fond of. Some of the Tulu moolasthans like those of Bangera(<.bengare), Suvarna(<.swarna) are located on the banks of the rivers Seetha-Swarna and the proximal Bengare-Hoode beach.
The town of Barakur is located on the eastern side of the confluence and estuary of the Rivers Seetha and Swarna. The imposing majesty and charm of the natural environment may have prompted the immigrants to name this place as ‘a village on the banks of Estuary’ or Barak+Oor.
Barke
For the above explanation in terms of geomorphology, a further proof would be in order. We have places named ‘Barke’. (This Barke is not same as the barke’ (=solid, sturdy) variety of jack fruits).
The Barke is an adaptation of the word baraka, discussed above. One such ‘Barke’ is located between Bokkapatna and Kudroli in Mangalore. The confluence and the estuary of Gurupur and Netravathy rivers was actually near Kudroli region in Mangalore during the past period of Vijayanagara reigns in the Karavali and then Bokkapatna was the location of the Port.
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Sir,
ReplyDeleteI found a reference to the derivation of the name Barakur in an article which is as below
[Barakur(Buntaravani-May 2007-Bunt Sangha Bombay)
Bhoomi baaragaraada baar(bhatha) okuluthanadavaraada shettygalu naadu aali 'alupa'(alva)arasaradaru.Veerathana merasi 'bhatanka' (bhataari,bhantaari-bhandaari) athava bhantarenisidaru.Tulunadinalli Buthaaradhaneya 'kola'da sandharbhadalli mathra nalike janangadavaru ee okelume buntarannu bhutha kattida nanthara, 'Baragerae'(baragare) endu sambhodisuthade heegeye,tulunadina jainarannuu baragarendu kareyalaguthade.karana ee jainaru mulathaha buntaragiddaru.'Baar' emba shabdhavannu tuluvige tandavaru bantaragiddare.sahajavaagi,tuluvinalli ethara dravida bashegalalli eruvanthe bhathhavannu 'nell' ende helabekithu.'nell'na badalu 'baar' bandaddu othareeya bhaasheyindaagirabhudu. ]
by this we can infer that the bunts brought rice to the region cultivated it and traded in it.So they were called Baraga and the place where the setteled as baraga-uru->barakuru.
I would like to know your view on this.
It is true that paddy was not one of the cultivated crops in ancient southern India until ca.800BC. (Other crops were grown here, pulses,urd,togari etc).So paddy/rice must have been brought by the Tulu immigrants ca. 800-600BC to this area,Karavali.
ReplyDelete2.'Barager' means great or noble man,landlord etc.ie. used in respectful sense to the landlord by the members of socio-economically lower class. 'Baraga' or 'barike' refers to a mansion or large house on a high place, slightly smaller than 'boodu'- according to Tulu Nighantu.Thus the term 'baraga' is not related to baar!
3. 'Baar'(=paddy) is a word of Elamite (Mediterrnean area)origin.It traces the origin of Tulu people to Mediterranean/African region.
contd…
ReplyDeletePrajwal,
4. Baraka and baraga are the two variants of the same word.(k. > g. changes.). It basically means a raised or elevated place. From this 'barager' has come, to mean the noble person (an obvious reference to the landlord by his subordinate), who lives in a baraga (large house). The baar(paddy) and baaraga(large house) may not be related words, in origin, though they look and sound similar.
Thus, overall analysis suggests that baraka +oor began as a large mansion, on an elevated land.
5. Obviously, the words and patterns of their usage have evolved over a period of long time. Considering the acceptable shades of meaning the word ‘baraka’ conveys, the overall evolution of the place name ‘Barakur’ through time can be envisaged as follows: (1) baraka1 (=elevated land, by the riverside, possibly raised due to earth movements). > (2) baraka2 (= large house on the elevated land).> (3) baraka+oor (=A village enclosing the said large house.).
6. Thanks for your participation and input. Your input has helped me to further refine my analysis.